( 1970) a wide variety of optical manipulation methods have been developed including optical tweezers, plasmon‐based optical trapping/plasmonic tweezers, and optoelectronic tweezers (OET). Since the discovery of the optical gradient and scattering forces in 1970 by Ashkin et al. This technology is based on light‐induced electrokinetics that gives rise to designated forces on both solid and fluidic structures. Optical manipulation-which enables highly selective and dynamic processes in micro‐ and nanoscopic systems-has proven to be a versatile and integrated technology throughout many scientific areas. Continued development of such platforms will be well positioned to overcome many of the challenges currently associated with fragmented, low‐throughput bioprocess workflows in biopharma and life science research.ġ. INTRODUCTION OF LIGHT‐INDUCED ELECTROKINETICS AND IMPACT ON BIOLOGICS DISCOVERYĪ new generation of techniques based on forces exerted by a light beam (known as optical manipulations) is enabling interactive biology at the cellular level, thus opening new opportunities in drug discovery.
In particular, we focus on promising prospects for drug discovery workflows, including antibody discovery, bioassay development, antibody engineering, and cell line development, which are enabled by the automation and industrialization of an integrated optoelectronic single‐cell manipulation and culture platform. In this review, we summarize the current state of the art for optical manipulation techniques and discuss emerging biological applications of this technology. The recent advent of optical manipulation of cells using light‐induced electrokinetics with micro‐ and nanoscale cell culture is poised to revolutionize both fundamental and applied biological research. A more fully integrated nanoscale approach that incorporates manipulation, culture, analytics, and traceable digital record keeping of thousands of single cells in a relevant nanoenvironment would be a transformative technology capable of keeping pace with today's rapid and complex drug discovery demands. Several microscale bioprocess technologies have been established that incrementally address these needs, yet each is inflexibly designed for a very specific process thus limiting an integrated holistic application.
A high‐level aspiration is a true integration of “lab‐on‐a‐chip” methods that vastly miniaturize cellulmical experiments could transform the speed, cost, and success of multiple workstreams in biologics development. These exciting times in biomedical innovation require the development of novel technologies to facilitate the sophisticated, multifaceted, high‐paced workflows necessary to support modern large molecule drug discovery.
The new and rapid advancement in the complexity of biologics drug discovery has been driven by a deeper understanding of biological systems combined with innovative new therapeutic modalities, paving the way to breakthrough therapies for previously intractable diseases.
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